Dodecapolis
A league of twelve independent city-states that met at the Fanum Voltumnae. Ancient sources describe the association as religious and ceremonial rather than a unified political or military state, and none preserves a definitive list of the twelve; the cities below follow the conventional modern reconstruction.
Arretium
Inland city of northern Etruria. The Chimera of Arezzo, a bronze bearing a votive inscription, was found here in 1553.
Caere
Coastal city north-west of Rome, with the Banditaccia necropolis and a sanctuary and port at Pyrgi.
Clusium
Inland city of the Chiana valley, associated in Roman tradition with Lars Porsenna.
Cortona
Hilltop city above the Val di Chiana, enclosed by a polygonal circuit wall. Findspot of the Tabula Cortonensis.
Perusia
Hilltop city retaining an Etruscan circuit wall and gates, among them the Porta Marzia and the Arco Etrusco.
Populonia
The only major Etruscan city sited directly on the coast; a centre for smelting iron ore shipped from Elba.
Tarchna
Coastal city with the Monterozzi necropolis, whose chamber tombs preserve the largest surviving body of Etruscan wall painting.
Veii
The southernmost city of the league and Rome's nearest Etruscan neighbour. Its Portonaccio sanctuary produced the Apollo of Veii, associated with the sculptor Vulca.
Vetluna
Coastal city of northern Etruria, known for orientalising goldwork in granulation and filigree.
Volterra
Hilltop city of northern Etruria, associated with alabaster working and local metal ores.
Volsinii
Associated with the Fanum Voltumnae, the federal sanctuary at which the league assembled.
Vulci
Coastal city known for bronze production and for the François Tomb, whose paintings depict a narrative of inter-city conflict.